WHY APA?
guidelines, as the rule
helps finding, focusing the information
helps avoiding plagiarism,
~~~~ BIAS FREE LANGUAGE
===> avoiding irrelevant details,
===> non gender terms,
===> no false hierarchies,
===> preferred labels and language,
~~~~ PURPOSE and DESCRIPTION
knowing what methods are applied, ask for the help,
* bibme.org,
* citationmachine,net
* easybib.com
=======================================================
TITLE PAGE:
page number: top right
4 doubled space lines from top margins - title and authors name, affiliation, course name, instructor name, date
RUNNING HEAD:
header: in all capitals (top left)
ABSTRACT:
word "Abstract" centered,
a paragraph (250 words),
no indentation needed at the beginning of the paragraph,
Keywords: (the "keywords" indented and italicized, followed by colon)
====================================================
BODY OF THE PAPER:
Title is sentence case capitalized, centered and bold,
paragraphs are indented,
Levels of heading can up to 5.
Level 1 centered and bold.
Level 2: left aligned and bold
Level 3: italicized and bold, left aligned
Level 4: Bold and period. paragraph starts after the title
Level 5: Similar to Level 4
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
author date formats:
~ year after the author name, or before the end of the sentence, or both the last name and the year at the end of the sentence,
~ specific page as "p." or "pp." or "para."
multiple authors:
two authors: use their last name
more authors: "et al.,"
multiple sources:
more sources: alphabetically and semi-colon to be used
more than one work from same author:year separated by commas
unknown author:
(organization name, date)
("title of the article", date)
(title italicized if large part from book, date)
two sources, same last name
name initials to be used
<<<PARAPHRASING>>>
putting into in one's own words, citations needed
just not changing words
quotes
author names, year, page up to 40 words
over 40 words: BLOCK quotes: indented
Tables
numbers needed, not indented, bold,
title of the table: italic
Note can be added
Figures (visual information)
figures numbers needed,
figures' title: italic
===================================================
REFERENCES:
alphabetical, hanging indentation needed
hyperlink to be removed
Book:
author, date. title. source
authors last name, initial. (year). title of the book. source.
anthology, collection: (Ed.) added
for single piece/chapter within collections: author. date. title of the small work. In (Ed.), title, page. source
DOI:
authors. (year). title is in sentence case, journal name in title case, volume(issue), page range. DOI added at last (no period at last)
~ if no DOI not found, url from where the article was found can be added (no period at last)
web
author, initials. (date). Title of the web page sentence case italics. web url
organization. (date). Title in sentence case. web address
e-book
author, initials. (date). Title Italicized and Title Cased. Source. url
audiobook: +
After the Tile. (narratorn name, Narr.) [Audiobook]
non written sources: different person to be listed accordingly,
film:
name, (Director). (date). Sentence case title [Film]. Studio Name. (period at end)
YouTube
Creators name. (date). Sentence case title [Video]. YouTube. url (no period at end)
information missing:
organization as author
title of the piece, as sentence case, organization name, url
no date: (n.d.)
no title: [content described]. source. link
======================================================
IMPORTANT LINKS:
- APA-7.pdf (byu.edu)
- Basics of APA Formatting - APA Style 7th Edition: Citing Your Sources - Research Guides at University of Southern California (usc.edu)
- APA 7th Edition: In-Text Citations - YouTube: OWLPurdue
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