Dominant religion, caste, language and culture

There are 142 castes/ethniciƟes according to the NaƟonal PopulaƟon and Housing Census

2021 in Nepal, out of which 125 are the ones which were also reported in the earlier

census 2011 and 17 are newly found in the census 2021. The caste/ethnicity published in

the 2011 census and reported again in the 2021 census remains unchanged. The newly

added castes/ethniciƟes are Ranatharu, Bhumihar, Bankariya, Surel, Chumba/Nubri,

Phree, Mugal/Mugum, Pun, Rauniyar, Baniyan, Gondh/Gond, Karmarong, KhaƟk, Beldar,

Chai/Khulaut, Done and Kewarat. The reported caste/ethnicity informaƟon has undergone a

thorough review process by involving stakeholders and subject experts. The published data is

derived from respondents' responses and conclusive findings obtained from expert reviews

There are 124 mother tongues according to the NaƟonal PopulaƟon and Housing Census 2021

in Nepal, out of which 111 are the ones which were also reported in the earlier census 2011

and 13 are newly found in the census 2021. The newly added mother tongues are Bhote,

Lowa, Chum/Nubri, Baragunwa, Nar-Phu, Ranatharu, Karmarong, Mugali, Tichhurong

Poike, Sadri, Done, Munda/Mudiyari and Kewarat. Of the 123 mother tongues that were

reported in census 2011, 12 foreign languages have been grouped into "Other languages" in

census 2021 due to having few numbers of reported speakers.

Hindu 23677744 81.19

Bouddha 2393549 8.21

Islam 1483066 5.09

Kirat 924204 3.17

Kirat 924204 3.17

PrakriƟ 102048 0.35

https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/files/result-folder/Caste%20Ethnicity_report_NPHC_2021.pdf#page=45.47

Contemporary Issues

Issues: poverty, unemployment, Public Health, Food Security, Social Security, energy crisis, IT, Social Media

39. In terms of human resource production, there are 1.15 doctors and 2.54 nurses per 1,000 population in the health sector in Nepal. As of mid-January of 2023, the number of registered health workers has reached 307,048. The number of women giving birth in health institutions has reached 79.3 percent. The number of children who are fully vaccinated has reached 80.0 percent.

41. The access to basic drinking water has reached 94.93% of the population as of mid-March of 2023, while the access to high and medium-level drinking water services is 25.81 percent.

4.54 As of mid-July 2022, the population covered by insurance, including foreign employment life insurance, is 41.2%. By mid-March 2023, it has reached 44.05%. In the FY 2021/22, the total insurance premium amounted to Rs. 177.81 billion.

6.2 Various programs such as identification of poor households and distribution of identity cards have been conducted to reduce poverty and income inequality by preparing actual details of the poor people. By the end of the FY 2018/19, the population below the absolute poverty line was 18.7 percent, while it is estimated that such population is 15.1 percent to date. Also, the population living in multidimensional poverty is 17.4 percent.

6.3 There appears to be high heterogeneity in multidimensional poverty across provinces. Among the province-wise population distribution, multidimensional poverty is highest in Karnali at 39.5 percent and lowest in Bagmati at 7.0 percent.

9.2 The country is becoming self-sufficient in the electricity sector due to the policy priority adopted in the hydropower sector and increased investment. With the increase in hydropower production, universal quality electric energy has expanded. As of now, 95.0 percent of the population has access to electricity. So far, 2,666 MW of electricity has been generated. 75 districts across the country are connected to the national grid.

inclusion and proportional representation

When looking at financial inclusion, 73.78 percent of the adult population use

payment instruments, 86.64 percent use savings, investment, or retirement

instruments, 30.02 percent use insurance services, and 46.34 percent use loan

instruments. Among the savings instruments, 71.06 percent of the adult

population use savings accounts.

3.21 Since 2064, the posts have been filled by competition among the candidates

from the inclusive groups specified by the Public Service Commission.

Accordingly, in the financial year 2078/79, 1,023 persons from the inclusive

group entered the civil service.

16.15 Significant achievements have been made in Goal 4 - Inclusive Quality Education.

Although the proportion of the working age population with employable skills is

increasing, it is still low at around 31.0 percent. As status of learning achievement

in schools in Mathematics is 35; Nepali is 34; English is 41, it needs further

improvement. Although the overall enrollment rate of early childhood education

has improved, it is relatively low.

https://www.mof.gov.np/uploads/document/file/1710323031_Economic%20Survey%20Engslish%202022-23%20Eng%20Final%20for%20WEB.pdf